Literature Review of Adipose-derived Mesanchymal Cells from History to Approaches

After about 40 years from the discovery of bone marrow stem cells, the adipose stem cells (ASCs) were identify and the applications of these cells in different fields including the medical and biomedical fields have always attracted the attention of the scientists. The great quantity of stem cells obtained from adipose tissue allows the scientists to rapidly apply these primary cells without culture expansion. Human has different types of fat tissues and each has its own applications, which means that the ASCs are harvested from different niches and each could be applied for different purposes. There are also specific biomarkers on the surface of the stem cells which is specific for every kind of these cells and the ASCs have also their own surface markers which help to easily detect. Already the ASCs are clinically applied in many other purposes but the first clinical application of ASCs was reported in 2004 for the treatment of traumatic calvarial deficiency in a 7-year-old girl. However in the last decade a huge number of studies has been done on ASCs and the ASCs are used for different reasons and in different medical fields including the treatment of cardiovascular and immune diseases, for healing the wound scars and also is applied for skin rejuvenate, radiation injury, scar remodeling, and skin engineering. This review was to focus on the roles of ASCs in different applications and also provide the researcher general information about the history and current applications of ASCs. We found that the ASCs have a potential role to be used for the treatment of different sorts of disorders, with the less side effects and is also a new approach toward new remedies.