Author/Authors :
Bagheri، Bahador نويسنده Cancer Research Center and,Department of Pharmacology,Semnan University of Medical Sciences,Semnan,Iran , , Razavi، Sajad نويسنده Anesthesiology Research Center,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran , , Gohari، Ali نويسنده Kowsar Hopsital,Department of Infectious Diseases,Semnan University of Medical Sciences,Semnan,Iran , , Salarian، Sara نويسنده Anesthesiology Research Center,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran , , Dabbagh، Ali نويسنده Professor, Fellowship in Cardiac Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract :
Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition molecules with widespread expression in the cells and tissues. Among them, TLR4 is involved in several important diseases. TLR4 can be stimulated by endogenous ligands as well as bacteria and viruses. TLR4 stimulation on the surface of monocytes leads to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is documented that mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes of 40 mL/kg is able to induce inflammation. The mechanism of action of mechanical ventilation may involve increasing in TLR2 and TLR4 expression. Here we review the current understanding about TLR4 and lung injuries in basic and clinical science.
