Endothelin-1 and Nitric Oxide Levels in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose: To evaluate plasma levels of endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: In this study, ET‑1 levels, as well as nitrite plus nitrate concentrations as an indicator of plasma NO level, were measured in the plasma of 20 subjects with exudative AMD and compared with 20 healthy age and sex matched controls. Results: Mean plasma ET‑1 level was significantly higher in exudative AMD patients as compared to control subjects (0.35 ± 0.06 fmol/ml versus 0.17 ± 0.03 fmol/ml, P = 0.015). Patients with exudative AMD also showed significantly lower mean plasma levels of nitrite plus nitrate as compared to the controls (58.9 ± 2.7 μmol/l versus 82.6 ± 5.9 μmol/l, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Increased concentrations of ET‑1 and reduced levels of NO in the plasma may suggest an imbalance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents, respectively, as a reflection of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AMD. These findings may also imply the role of vasoconstriction in exudative AMD.