Author/Authors :
Mehrabi Yadollah نويسنده , Heidari Mohammad نويسنده , Mohammadi Gohar نويسنده Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Esmaeil Akbari Mohammad نويسنده Cancer Research Centre (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran , Ghanbari Motlagh Ali نويسنده Department of clinical oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran , Ghanbari Shahla نويسنده Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract :
Background It is important to be able to predict cancer incidence
and mortality rates for planning and managing the risk factors.
Objectives The present study investigated the changes in the incidence
and mortality rates of five most common cancers in Iran. Methods The
cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the national
cancer and mortality registries. Five most common cancers in both men
and women were selected. Changes in the incidence and mortality rates of
the selected cancers in both sexes were estimated by age group, annual
percent change (APC), and average APC (AAPC) and then graphically
displayed. Results The most common cancers (except skin cancer) were
breast, colorectal, stomach, esophageal, and thyroid cancers in women
and stomach, prostate, bladder, colorectal, and esophageal cancers in
men, respectively. The AAPCs of all cancer incidence rates had increased
by 11.9% in men and 11.6% in women from 2002 to 2010. Also, the
mortality rates had enhanced by 0.4% and 0.1% per year in men and women
from 2006 to 2011, respectively. The greatest APC was reported in
prostate cancer. The rate had increased by 41.9% from 2002 to 2004, by
13.4% from 2004 to 2008, and slowly augmented by 3.9% from 2008 to 2010.
In women, the greatest APC was observed in colorectal cancer; the rate
had enhanced by 13.4% per year from 2002 to 2010. The greatest increase
for age-standardized mortality and incidence in 2011 was attributed to
gastric cancer (12.5% and 17.1% per 100,000 men, respectively). In
women, the highest age-standardized mortality rate was related to
gastric cancer at 6.9% per 100,000 women. The incidence and mortality
patterns of colorectal and esophageal cancers in men and women were
similar, although they were slightly higher in men than women.
Conclusions Overall, cancer incidence rates had increased in both sexes.
Many factors were responsible, such as changes in lifestyle,
environmental factors, increased life expectancy, improvements in the
registration systems, and declining mortality rates due to early
detection and treatment. The results of this study provided useful
information for the prediction of changes in the incidence and mortality
of cancer and subsequent design of cancer control programs in Iran.
