Author/Authors :
Kavousi Amir نويسنده Faculty of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Rassouli Maryam نويسنده School of Nursing and and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Zagheri Tafreshi Mansoureh نويسنده Management Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran , Jahandar Parivash نويسنده PhD Student in Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of
Nursing and Midwifery. Shahid Behshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan نويسنده Associate Professor, Department of Nursing Management,
Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract :
Background Spiritual leadership has recently become the focus of
attention for policy makers and top managers in Iran, especially in the
health system. Due to the lack of culturally and academically accepted
scales in Iran for measuring spiritual leadership, localization of a
foreign scale in this field is necessary. Objectives This study aimed at
investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of
Fry’s spiritual leadership questionnaire (SLQ) among Iranian nurses.
Methods The present cross sectional methodological research was
conducted during year 2016. Participants were 400 nurses working in
teaching hospitals affiliated to 3 universities of medical sciences in
Tehran, Iran, who were selected using stratified sampling. A standard
forward-backward translation procedure according to Wild et al. (2005)
was used to translate the English version of the SLQ to Persian. The
psychometric evaluation processes were achieved by face, content, and
construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis). Reliability was
examined using test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency
reliability. Results The SLQ showed good content validity (CVI = 0.94)
ranging from 0.79 to 0.94 for each of the items. Construct validity
evaluation by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) led to extraction of 8
factors from data was confirmed with acceptable values (factor-loading
values ranged from 0.32 to 0.95). The original model was presented and
incorporated in the CFA, indicating an acceptable fit for the model
(root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08; comparative fit
index (CFI) = 0.91; normed fit index (NFI) = 0.90; and incremental fit
index (IFI) = 0.95). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scale
was 0.94 and for each component ranged from 0.71 to 0.86, indicating
good internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficients
(ICC = 0.92) showed good test-retest reliability. Conclusions The
Persian version of Fry’s spiritual leadership questionnaire has
acceptable psychometric properties for measuring spiritual leadership
style of Iranian nurse managers and helps detect and predict the extent
and scope of the application of this new type of leadership to improve
organizational outcomes.
