Author/Authors :
Jafari Koshki Tohid نويسنده Department of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran , Arsang Jang Shahram نويسنده Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran , Mahaki Behzad نويسنده Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
Abstract :
Background To study overall and province-specific trends of
bladder cancer incidence in Iran during 2004-2008 and to evaluate the
association between bladder cancer incidence and some factors. Methods
Data on 17792 bladder cancer patients and risk factors available at
province level were used in Bayesian ecological setting. First, the
overall and province-specific trends of risk were estimated. Then the
effects of cigarette smoking, being overweight, fruits and vegetables
consumption, and low levels of physical activity on trend were examined.
The province-specific effects of significant factors were also assessed.
The data were analyzed using R-INLA package. Results The risk of
developing bladder cancer was decreasing in Iran, 2004 - 2008 (RR =
0.95). Guilan and Semnan had the highest 5-year incidence (RR >
1.5). However, the risk increase compared to country Risk was the
highest in East Azerbaijan and Tehran (DT > 0.1). Also direct and
reverse association between smoking and fruit consumption and bladder
cancer risk were established. Guilan, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan,
and Ilam were the provinces affected the most by these factors.
Conclusions This study confirms previous findings and provides further
evidence on protective effects of fruit consumption in bladder cancer.
The results would be of value for governors to prioritize the
province-specific demands on research, education, and improvements with
respect to the identified risk factors.
