Non-linear seismic ground response analysis considering two-dimensional topographic irregularities

In the occurrence of an earthquake, local site conditions such as soil characteristics, dimension of topographic irregularities, seismic bedrock depth, etc. as well as characteristics of incident wave have important eects on seismic ground response. In this study, Finite Element Method (FEM) coupled with viscous boundaries is used to evaluate the eect of empty two-dimensional valleys on amplication or attenuation of seismic waves. Parametric studies are carried out and the eects of dimension of the topography, frequency of the incident wave, and bedrock depth on the seismic ground response are considered using non-linear method in a time domain analysis. Results are shown by means of horizontal and vertical amplication ratios in valley span and its surrounding area. It is concluded that displacement variation on ground surface due to topographical eects is a considerable factor to select a site location or design structures in the valley mount and its surrounding area.