Author/Authors :
Francesco Daher Elizabeth de نويسنده Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , Palacio Duarte Fernandes Paulo Henrique نويسنده Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , Cavalcante Meneses Gdayllon نويسنده Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , Freire Bezerra Gabriela نويسنده Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , Souza Lima Ferreira Leonardo de نويسنده Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , Almeida Viana Glautemberg de نويسنده Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , Costa Martins Alice Maria نويسنده Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pharmacology Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil , da Silva Junior Geraldo Bezerra نويسنده Public Health Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza. Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
Abstract :
[Background]Kidney injury associated with the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been described. The aim of the study was to investigate new kidney injury biomarkers among bodybuilders using anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS).[Methods]A cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of AAS users (n = 28) and a group of non-users (n = 29). Blood and urine samples were collected for analysis, including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), creatinine and cystatin.[Results]Laboratory tests evidenced a higher creatinine level in AAS users (1.04 ± 0.17 mg/dL) in comparison to non-users (0.88 ± 0.14 mg/dL), P < 0.001. Median levels of MCP-1 pg/mg-creatinine were higher in AAS users (50.66 pg/mg-creatinine, range 31.99 - 255.25 pg/mg-creatinine vs. 33.26 pg/mg-creatinine, range 22.82 - 102.98 pg/mg-creatinine, P = 0.039). KIM-1 levels were not significantly different between the two groups (0.47 ± 0.34 ng/mg-creatinine vs. 0.69 ± 0.47 ng/mg-creatinine, P = 0.065). Cystatin C levels showed a tendency to be higher in AAS users (0.64 ± 0.46 mg/L vs. 0.43 ± 0.36 mg/L, P = 0.059).[Conclusions]There is subclinical kidney injury among AAS users, evidenced by MCP-1 increase. Continuous renal function monitoring and early detection of kidney injury is very important for AAS users, and more important is patient counseling to avoid these substances use, unless otherwise prescribed for treatment of some medical condition.
