Amending in vitro culture condition to overcome oxidative stress in assisted reproduction techniques (ART)

In assisted reproduction techniques (ART) settings, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced from endogenous and exogenous sources during in vitro manipulation. Endogenous sources of ROS include gametes and embryo, whereas exogenous sources are oxygen tension, light exposure, culture media, and the nature of some protocols, such as centrifugation or cryopreservation. Elevated ROS production can result in oxidative stress (OS), which is harmful to gametes and embryos, and reduces the procedure’s outcomes. Therefore, addressing various aspects of the adverse effects of oxidative stress and its management is necessary.