Author/Authors :
Mehdizadeh Kashi, Abolfazl Endometriosis Research Center - Hazrat-e Rasool-e-Akram Hospital - Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran - Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center - Hazrat-e Rasool-e Akram Hospital - Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran , Tahermanesh, Kobra Endometriosis Research Center - Hazrat-e Rasool-e-Akram Hospital - Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran - Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center - Hazrat-e Rasool-e Akram Hospital - Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran , Chaichian, Shahla Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Minimally Invasive Technology Research Center of Tehran Medical Sciences Branch (TMSB) - Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran , Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi Department of Cellular and Molecular Research Center - Faculty of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran - Department of Anatomy - Faculty of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran , Moradi, Fateme Department of Cellular and Molecular Research Center - Faculty of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran - Department of Anatomy - Faculty of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran , Tavangar, Mohammad Department of Pathology - Shariati Hospital - Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran , Mousavi Najafabadi, Ashraf Sadat Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center - Hazrat-e Rasool-e Akram Hospital - Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran , Lotfibakhshaiesh, Nasrin Tissue Engineering Department - School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran , Pour Beyranvand, Shahram Department of Anatomy - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran , Fazel Anvari-Yazdi, Abbas Division of Biomedical Engineering - Materials and Biomaterials Research Center (MBMRC), Tehran , Abed, Mehr School of Medical Science - Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (YUMS), Yasuj
Abstract :
In this article we review the application and procedures involved in scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe biological and live tissues through using SEM at high resolution. We discuss practical methods for optimizing tissue preservation to achieve the two principal goals of biological specimen preparation: (a) preserving biological structures as close to their living configuration as possible, and (b) rendering them visible with the desired imaging method. We also review and discuss the relative merits of different fixing (chemical fixation and cryofixation), drying (air-drying, critical point-drying, freeze-drying and chemical-drying) and coating procedures of biological specimens with metals to facilitate visualization in the SEM.
Keywords :
Scanning Electron Microscopy , SEM , Biological Samples , Live Tissues , Sample Preparation
