Electrochemical Characterization and Determination of Tramadol drug using Graphite Pencil Electrode

Electrochemical oxidation of tramadol at pencil graphite electrode has been investigated using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetric techniques. In pH 9.2 phosphate buffer, tramadol showed an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.77 V. The dependence of the current on pH, concentration and scan rate was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of tramadol. Differential pulse voltammetry was further exploited as a sensitive method for the detection of tramadol. Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit were 1.0×10−7 to 1.5×10−6 M and 0.38 ×10−8 M, respectively. The proposed method was applied to determine the tramadol assay in pharmaceutical samples and human biological fluids such as urine as a real sample.