Title of article :
Opium as a Risk Factor for Bladder Cancer: A Population-based Case-control Study in Iran
Author/Authors :
Akbari, Morteza Medical Informatics Research Center - Institute for Futures Studies in Health - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Naghibzadeh Tahami, Ahmad Physiology Research Center - Institute of Nouropharmacology - Kerman Uni- versity of Medical Sciences , Khanjani, Narges Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health - School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine - Monash University , Baneshi, Mohammad Reza Research Center for Modeling in Health - Institute for Futures Studies in Health - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kamali, Elham Department of Health Education and Promotion - Faculty of Health - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Hesampour, Maryam Department of Health Education and Promotion - Faculty of Health - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Nazemzadegan, Bahman Deputy of Health - Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Haghdoost, Ali Akbar Research Center for Modeling in Health - Institute for Futures Studies in Health - Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common genitourinary system malignancy in humans. Consumption of opium and its derivatives, maybe a risk factor possibly in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumption of opium and its derivatives and the incidence of BC.
METHODS: In an individually matched case-control study in Shiraz (located in the south of Iran), 198 patients with BC and 396 healthy individuals (matched in age, sex and residence (urban/rural)) were investigated. Data about consumption of opium and its derivatives, tobacco, alcohol and diet were collected using a structured valid and reliable questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were computed using conditional logistic regression models.
RESULTS: Opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC with an adjusted or = 3.9 (95% CI: 1.2 – 12.0). Moreover, a considerable dose-response relationship was observed between the opium consumption and its derivatives and the incidence of BC; comparing to no users, the odds ratios of low and high consumptions were 3.3 (95% CI: 0.5 – 23.1) and 4.9 (95% CI: 1.1 – 21.9) respectively.
CONCLUSION: Opium consumption can be a potential strong risk factor for BC in Iran.
Keywords :
risk factor , opium , Iran , case-control , Bladder neoplasms
Journal title :
Astroparticle Physics
