Alteration in Cellular Immunity after Chronic Hepatitis B Deteriorated into Severe Hepatitis and Its Significance

Background: It is difficult to predict what type of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progresses to chronic severe hepatitis B. Objectives: This study aimed to observe changes in the HBV-specific and -nonspecific cellmediated immune responses after CHB deteriorates into severe hepatic disease and explore the significance of such changes. Patients and Methods: This study aimed to observe changes in the HBV-specific and -nonspecific cell-mediated immune responses after CHB deteriorates into severe hepatic disease and explore the significance of such changes. Results: In 49 of 255 CHB patients (19.22%), the disease developed into chronic severe hepatitis (early stage) an average of 10.06 ± 1.73 days after admission. CD4+ and NK cells levels in Group A were lower after progression into severe hepatitis than on the second day of admission (baseline) (P < 0.01). CD8+ cells and nonspecific CTL levels in Group A were higher after progression than at baseline (P < 0.01), and latter was higher than in Group B at baseline (P < 0.01); the levels of CD8+ cells and nonspecific CTLs in Group A after progression were significantly higher than those of Group B 10 days after admission (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in HBV-specific CTL levels in Group A before and after progression to severe hepatitis (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the immunological pathogenesis of chronic severe hepatitis B is related to significant rises in CD8+ and nonspecific CTL levels and that such increases predict that the disease will deteriorate into severe hepatitis.