Cytotoxic effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium enriched mixture cement, Biodentine and octacalcium pohosphate on human gingival fibroblasts

Background. This in vitro study compared the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, Biodentine (BD) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods. After completion of the setting time of the materials under study, fibroblasts were placed in 24-well insert plates and 1 mg of each material was added to the respective wells. The plates were then incubated at 37°C. The inserts were re-moved at 24, 48 and 168 hours and 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was added to assess cytotoxicity via the MTT colori-metric assay. Data were analyzed at different time intervals using repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni test at three levels of significance of P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001. Results. Cytotoxicity of the materials under study was not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours compared to the con-trol group. However, at 168 hours, a significant difference was noted between MTA (P< 0.05) and Biodentine (P < 0.01) and the control group. Conclusion. Cytotoxicity of MTA, CEM, Biodentine and OCP against HGFs was similar to that of the control group at 24 and 48 hours. Over time, MTA and Biodentine exhibited less cytotoxicity than other materials.