Role of the ACE ID and PPARG P12A Polymorphisms in Genetic Susceptibility of Diabetic Nephropathy in a South Indian Population

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the life-threatening disorders characterized by persistent albuminuria, raised arterial blood pressure, a lowered glomerular filtration rate, and high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The vascular genes ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), and PPARG (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) are involved in alterations in vascular endothelium, and are suggested to play a role in the susceptibility of diabetic nephropathy. Objectives: The aim of our study was to find out the role of ACE ID and PPARG P12A polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility of diabetic nephropathy in south Indian population. Patients and Methods: A total of 54 cases with diabetic nephropathy and 67 control subjects with diabetes were enrolled for our study. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes, and genotyped using PCR-electrophoresis (ACE ID) or PCR-RFLP (PPARG P12A) methods. Results: ACE ID genotypes followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both cases and controls. But P12A genotypes deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in diabetic controls. Chi2 test was applied for the analysis of genotypic distributions in genotypic and dominant models. Odds ratios were also calculated. No significant differences in genotype frequencies of ACE ID and PPARG P12A polymorphisms were found on comparing patients with diabetic nephropathy with diabetic controls. The synergistic role of ACE ID* PPARG P12A interaction, did not show any association in patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared to diabetic controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, the ACE and PPARG genes do not have a key role in conferring risk for diabetic nephropathy.