Characterization of a novel nanobiomaterial fabricated from HA, TiO2 and Al2O3 powders: an in vitro study

For the purposes of this study, hydroxyapatite (HA)–Al2O3–TiO2 nanobiomaterial with significant surface properties and biocompatibility capable of forming surface apatite was fabricated by cold-press and sintering method. Samples were examined for hardness and porosity. The results showed that in terms of hardness and porosity, sample A (50 wt% TiO2–30 wt% HA–20 wt% Al2O3) was superior to sample B (30 wt% TiO2–50 wt% HA–20 wt% Al2O3), and also the density of nanobiomaterial was close to natural bone density. Bioactivity of the samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated. Then, after immersing the samples in SBF solution for a period of 7 days, sample B exhibited greater ability to form calcium phosphate compounds on the surface as compared to sample A. In addition, in vitro studies showed that MG-67 osteoblast-like cells attached and spread on the samples surface. The results showed that cells proliferated in greater numbers on the sample B as compared to the sample A. Finally, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were performed to identify phases, study microstructure, and determine percentage of elements, respectively. The results revealed that considering their different properties, both nanobiomaterials can be used in medical applications.