Author/Authors :
Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad Department of Immunology - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran , Ebtekar, Massoumeh Department of Immunology - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran , Ghanei, Mostafa Department of Hematology - Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Baghiat-Allah, Tehran , Taghikhani, Mohammad Department of Clinical Biochemistry - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran , Noori Daloii, Mohammad Reza Department of Medical Genetics - Faculty of Medicine - Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Ghazanfari, Tooba Department of Immunology - Medical School - University of Shahed, Tehran
Abstract :
Sulfur mustard has been employed in chemical warfare in certain regions including Iran.
The short and long term biological effects of sulfur mustard contamination have been
studied in both basic and clinical aspects. Sulfur mustard has been shown to induce a vast
array of pathological effects in affected persons. In addition to skin, lung, eyes and
gastrointestinal disturbances, sulfur mustard has been shown to induce hematological
complications and a severe suppression of the immune system. The short and long term
immunological (both cellular and humoral), hematological, genetic and biochemical
consequences of persons exposed to sulfur mustard are extensively reviewed here. The long
term complications of these patients indicate the need to develop effective preventive and
therapeutic strategies in the clinic. These strategies may be based upon immunopotentiating
intervention and therapy.
Keywords :
Chemical warfare , Hematological complications , Immune response , Immunopotentiation , Sulfur mustard
