Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in general population of Yopougon (Côte d’ivoire); a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising sharply worldwide due to the increased prevalence of its risk factors. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of CKD and identify its associated factors in general population of Yopougon (Côte d’ivoire). Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 24th to 26th May 2016 in Yopougon municipality, which included each participant attending our blood collection center voluntarily. CKD was defined by the presence of urinary abnormality and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. GFR was estimated with the MDRD, CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault formulas. Results: We included 510 participants with average age of 43±14.5 years and female predominance (sex ratio: 201/309 = 0.65). Comorbidities such as hypertension (47.1%), obesity (22.7%), hypercholesterolemia (12.5%), HIV infection (7.1%) and diabetes 3.6%) were found. The prevalence of CKD was 13% according to the MDRD formula, 11.2% according to CKD-EPI formula and 23.4% according to Cockcroft-Gault formula. In multivariate analysis, factors such as female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15; 95% CI=1.07-1.23, P = 0.0001), obesity (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.26-3.30; P = 0.004) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.05-3.59, P = 0.039) were associated with CKD. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD is high. Obesity, just like the usual risk factors, must be managed for the prevention of CKD. The Cockcroft-Gault formula should no longer be used to estimate the GFR in the general population.