Preparation and characterization of BF3 supported on coconut shell as a novel and effective nano‑catalyst for one‑pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3‑d]pyrimidines

In this paper, boron trifluoride supported on coconut shell nano-particles (nano-BF2O-coc) was prepared from nano-crystalline coconut shell through mechanical method using ultrasonication. The resultant was utilized to obtain nano-crystalline BF3 supported on coconut shell nano-particles (nano-BF2O-coc). The novel nanostructure has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The catalytic activity of the solid acid catalyst has been successfully examined in a one-pot, three-component condensation reaction of barbituric acid, ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile, and aldehydes in refluxing ethanol to furnish pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives