Gallic Acid Ameliorates Bisphenol A-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has received attention in environmental and toxicological research due to its widespread effects in biological systems. While several anti-oxidants have been used in ameliorating BPA-induced toxicities in experimental animals, there is the scarcity of research information on the use of Gallic acid (GA) in protecting against BPA-induced toxicity. This study investigated the ameliorative effect of Gallic acid in BPA-induced toxicities of the adult male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty two adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight animals each as follows: Group 1 (Control rats): 0.2 ml of corn oil; Group 2 (GA-treated rats): 20 mg/kg/day GA (dissolved in distilled water); Group 3 (BPA-treated rats): 10 mg/kg/day BPA suspended in 0.2 ml corn oil; Group 4 (BPA+GA-treated rats): BPA (10 mg/kg/day) with a concomitant GA (20 mg/kg/day). All treatments were orally administered for 14 days. Results: BPA significantly increased (P<0.05) in the values of liver function enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT, GGT), total globulin, conjugated globulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, creatinine, and urea as well as sodium ions. Concomitant treatment with GA ameliorated these elevated values. Moreover, BPA-induced histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney while GA ameliorated them. Conclusion: BPA caused structural and cellular perturbations of the blood, liver, and kidney of rats while concomitant treatment with GA ameliorates the condition. Hence, GA has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective actions against BPA-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.