Thalassemia, Iron and G6PD Deficiency in Lor Migrating Nomad Children, Southern Iran

Background: Ferropenia and consequent iron deficiency anemia (IDA), β-thalassemia, and glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are three main common hematologic problems in Iran. This study was conducted on the prevalence of these problems in Lor migrating nomads ethnic group in southern Iran. Methods: From June to October 2006, the blood samples of 79 Lor migrating nomadic children including 53 (67.1%) male and 26 (32.9%) female were checked for iron indices and G6PD deficiency. The family history of favism, thalassemiaand, signs and symptoms in relation to anemia of participants were evaluated. RBC count, different types of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, SI, TIBC and SF were determined immediately after blood sampling. Results: Fourteen (17.7%) children had SF<12 ng/mL while the prevalence of this low serum ferritin was higher in females than males (19.2% vs. 17%). The low hemoglobin (Hb) level had statistical correlation with the low serum ferritin level. Among all participants, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 10.1%, and all of them were male children. The prevalence of β-thalassemia was 2.5% and all were male. The prevalence of IDA was 17.7%. Conclusion: Although IDA figure is less than those reported in other developing countries (25-35%); but it shows that Lor tribes in southern Iran are still behind the health status of developed countries (5-8%). Even the prevalence of β-thalassemia is not very high, but regarding the devastating potential risk of Cooley's anemia; a careful performance of Iranian thalassemia program is recommended. It seems that G6PD deficiency is prevalent in Lor nomads, so establishment of educational programs and investigation on their dietary habits seem to be a good way to prevent the favism occurrence.