Optical coherence tomography angiography of the retina and choroid; current applications and future directions

Dye-based angiography has been the standard of care for the diagnosis of retinal, choroidal and optic nerve vascular disorders for a long period of time. Since its introduction in 1961, angiography techniques and instrumentation have remarkably improved.1 These advancements include, but are not limited to, the development of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, digital angiography, and wide-field imaging techniques. However, dye-based angiography remains a timeconsuming, invasive procedure that requires skilled photographers. In addition, the images have limited depth resolution.