Evaluation of Humoral and Cell-mediated Immunity of Two Capripoxvirus Vaccine Strains against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Background and Aims: Prevention of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle is heavily dependent on vaccination. Since the genetic structure of LSD virus has the close relatedness with other Capri-pox virus (CaPV). Therefore, the use of vaccine strains of CaPV derived from sheep and goat would be useful to protect cattle against LSD. Materials and Methods: The susceptible calves of dairy farms were vaccinated with two available LSD vaccines. These vaccines were live attenuated sheep pox and goat pox vaccine strains. To evaluate vaccine-induced immune responses, whole blood and serum samples were collected up to 5 weeks post vaccination from both vaccinated and control groups. Results: The findings showed that, lymphocyte proliferation index in response to recall antigen in goat pox vaccine was higher than sheep pox vaccine in all time-point of experiments, and this difference was significant in weeks 1 and 5 post vaccination (p<0.05). Although the levels of antibody production in both vaccinated groups was almost the similar, and there was no statistically significant difference, but in goat pox vaccine slightly higher than sheep pox vaccine. Also, the interferon gamma and IL-4 production in goat pox vaccine were higher than sheep pox vaccine in all-time point and statistically significant at week 3 post vaccination (p< 0.05). Conclusions: From this study we found that live attenuated goat pox vaccine induced high level of lymphocyte proliferation and interferon gamma and IL-4, so it considered good vaccine to control of Lumpy skin disease.