Minimising wireless sensors’ energy consumption for net zero energy building

Wireless sensors networks consist of several tiny battery powered devices which are utilized to monitor and gather information of desired area, such as a Net Zero Energy Building. As there is no way to recharge the nodes’ energy and batteries, efficient energy consumption plays crucial role in prolonging nodes’ and network’s lifetime. One of the most popular routing protocol is LEACH protocol, which suffers from drawbacks, despite several modifications have been deployed. This research aims to optimize the Leach protocol from three different aspects. Initially, the allocated energy of network is distributed to each nodes based on their distance with base station. The more distance between a node and BS, the more energy portion is allocated to the given node. Secondly, Genetic algorithm has been employed to select optimal cluster head set whose fitness function addresses number of CHs and distance between CHs and the BS. Lastly, sensor nodes are clustered by fuzzy clustering. Comparing the results with previous versions illustrates that the proposed modifications could prolong considering network and improve the energy consumption and the modified LEACH achieves 10% improvement in terms of survival rate of nodes.