Study of temporal and spatial variations of electrical conductivity in the Caspian Sea using POM

The electrical conductivity of sea refers to the conductivity of seawater, which affects the electrodynamics and electromagnetic processes observed in the ocean. This study investigates temporal and spatial variations of electrical conductivity across the Caspian basin using Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The POM is an oceanic model with a vertical sigma array, a right-angled curved horizontal grid, free surface boundary conditions and sub-turbulence and wave models. To implement the deep data model from GEBCO, temperature and salinity data obtained from WOA database, as well as meteorological data and atmospheric fluxes achieved from ECMWF daily database with a spatial resolution of 7.5 minutes. The model was run from 2009 to 2019. Temperature, salinity, and flow rate data from the model were used to calculate and simulate the electrical conductivity in the Caspian Sea. The obtained results showed that the maximum electrical conductivity occurred in the southern basin with a value of 2.3s/m in summer and the minimum electrical conductivity occurred in the northern Caspian basin with a range of 0.8s/m in winter and autumn. The vertical profile of the electrical conductivity at the three geographical locations indicated that temperature is the dominant factor in the electrical conductivity.