Author/Authors :
Moradi, Ali Occupational Health and Safety Research Center - Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan , Ameri, Pegah Clinical Research Development Unit of Besat Hospital - Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan , Rahmni, Khaled Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development - Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj , Najafi, Maryam Trauma Research Center - Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan , Jamshidi, Ensiyeh Community Based Participatory Research Center - Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‑Risk Behaviors - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Fakhri, Yadolah Department of Environmental Health Engineering - Student Research Committee - School of Public Health and Safety - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Khazaei, Salman Research Center for Health Sciences - Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Moeini, Babak Department of Public Health - School of Public Health - Social Determinants of Health Research Center - Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan , Amjadian, Mohyeddin Department of Clinical Psychology - School of Medicine - Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj
Abstract :
Background: Considering the importance of pedestrian traffic crashes and the role of environmental and demographic factors in the severity
of these crashes, this article aimed to review the published evidence and synthesize the results of related studies to determine any associations
between demographic and environmental factors and the severity of pedestrian‑vehicle crashes. Methods: All epidemiological studies
published from 1970 to 2019 were searched in international electronic databases (PubMed [Medline], Scopus, Web of Science, Embase,
ScienceDirect, and Ovid) and reference lists of the identified articles were also searched. Studies were included if they investigated the
severity of pedestrian‑vehicle crashes as outcome, measured any environmental and demographic factors for pedestrian‑vehicular crashes as
exposure, designed observational, and if they were written in all languages. Quality of included studies was evaluated using the strengthening
the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology checklist for observational studies. Results: We found 3126 references among which
24 studies were included in this review. All retrieved studies were conducted between 1990 and 2019 and had a cross‑sectional design. In
most of these studies, the associations between environmental and demographic variables such as vehicle speed or speed limits, pedestrian
age, lighting, type of road, type of vehicle, and alcohol intake with the severity of pedestrian traffic crashes were examined. Conclusion: This
study showed that few studies were conducted in this area; in fact, most of the studies were carried out in metropolises of developed countries.
As a result, studies which provide strong causal inferences by focusing on high‑risk groups and a higher level of evidence such as cohort and
case‑control ones are needed in developing countries.
