Coronary Artery Involvement Kawasaki Disease Versus Non-Kawasaki Febrile Diseases in Children Attending a Pediatric Hospital in Bandar Abbas

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the main causes of acquired heart disease. Due to the fact that there is no prospective study regarding the involvement of coronary arteries in patients with non-KD febrile diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare coronary artery changes between non-KD febrile children and patients with (com-plete) KD who were hospitalized. Methods: This study was performed on 56 patients aged one month to eight years (26 KD cases and 30 non-KD febrile cases) ad-mitted to the Bandar Abbas Pediatric Hospital. After obtaining parental or guardian consent, demographic data, coronary artery involvement, and lab tests were recorded. Chi-square and Student’s t-test were used to compare the recorded data. Results: We found that coronary artery involvement was significantly higher in KD cases (50% vs. 6.7%), especially left coronary artery (LCA) dilatation (30.8 % vs. 3.3%) and right coronary artery (RCA) brightness (11.5% vs. 0%) were significantly higher in KD cases compared to non-KD febrile cases (P = 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that in both non-KD febrile cases and KD cases with WBC ≥ 15 109/L the risk of abnormal findings increased. Conclusions: These findings suggests that non-KD febrile children, especially those with WBC ≥ 15 (109/L), as well as all KD cases should undergo echocardiography five to six days after the onset of the illness.