Title of article :
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Children With Steroid- and Cyclosporine-resistant and Steroid- and Cyclosporine-dependent Nephrotic Syndrome
Author/Authors :
Hoseini, Rozita Division of Pediatric Nephrology - Pediatric Renal Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Sabzian, Kamran Division of Pediatric Nephrology - Pediatric Renal Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Otukesh, Hasan Division of Pediatric Nephrology - Pediatric Renal Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Zafaranloo, Nazanin Division of Pediatric Nephrology - Pediatric Renal Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Panahi, Parsa Student Research Committee - School of Medicine - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Rahimzadeh, Nahid Division of Pediatric Nephrology - Pediatric Renal Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center - Iran University of Medical Sciences , Nakhiee, Shahrbanoo Iran University of Medical Sciences , Akhavan Sepehi, Mohsen Division of Pediatric Nephrology - Ghom University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Introduction. There is evidence of the effectiveness of rituximab in treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children. The present study aimed to assess safety and the therapeutic effectiveness of rituximab in steroid- and cyclosporine-resistant pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Materials and Methods. Forty-three children with steroid- and cyclosporine-resistant or steroid- and cyclosporine-dependent noncongenital nephrotic syndrome were included in the study to receive intravenous rituximab, 375 mg/m2/wk, for 4 weeks. The children were followed up for 2 years. Effectiveness was defined as remission of proteinuria in response to rituximab. Side effects of rituximab were monitored.
Results. Overall, 23 (57.1%) of the children had steroid- and cyclosporine-resistant nephrotic syndrome, of whom 8 (34.8%) revealed complete response and 3 (13%) revealed partial response. Seven children (16.7%) had late-resistant nephrotic syndrome, of whom 6 (85.7%) revealed complete response and none revealed partial response. Ten children (26.2%) had steroid- and cyclosporine-dependence all of whom revealed complete response to rituximab. Complete response rate was significantly higher in those with drug-dependent pattern than the other groups (P = .002). There was no association between response to rituximab and pathological basis of disease. Side effects were found in 4 patients as leukopenia in 2, alopecia in 1, and eosinophilia in 1.
Conclusions. Rituximab is effective for children with nephrotic syndrome with high efficacy and well tolerability, especially in those with steroid- and cyclosporine-dependent nephrotic syndrome.
Keywords :
nephrotic syndrome , steroid resistance , cyclosporine resistance , rituximab , child
Journal title :
Astroparticle Physics