Frequency of ant(2 )-I and aac(6 )-II Genes in the Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran.

Background Aims of the Study: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the common cause of nosocomial infections, especially among patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of aminoglycoside resistance and prevalence of the resistance-modifying enzyme genes aac(6 )-II and ant(2 )-I in P. aeruginosa isolates from the clinical samples of hospitalized patients in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on P. aeruginosa isolates during March 2016 to March 2017. All clinical samples were initially identified by the standard biochemical method, and their aminoglycoside resistance was studied using the disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted for the detection of aminoglycoside resistance using the specific primers of aac(6 )-II and ant(2 )-I genes. Results: A total of 144 isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility testing. The resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates to the tested antibiotics was reported as 118 (81.9%) isolates to kanamycin, 91 (63.2%) isolates to gentamicin, 80 (55.6%) isolates to tobramycin, and 84 (58.3%) isolates to amikacin. The aac(6 )-II and ant(2 )-I genes were detected in 93 (64.6%) and 114 (79.2%) P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Aminoglycoside resistance in P. aeruginosa remains a significant problem. Therefore, there will be considerable local surveillance of aminoglycoside resistance profile.