Pseudoaneurysm Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Delayed hemorrhage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is secondary to pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula, which happens in less than 1% of PCNLs. Predisposing factors are: medial puncture instead of posterolateral puncture, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension. Definite diagnosis is made by angiography and embolization, as a definite treatment, can be done through the same angiography session. Open exploration and partial or total nephrectomy is rarely required. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm after PCNL, which was treated successfully using embolization.