The Effects of Endurance Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on the Bone Resorption Markers in the Rats Exposed to Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

Introduction: Various studies have indicated that increased active oxygen species is associated with bone cell damage. The key role of physical exercise and vitamin D supplementation on bone health has been confirmed. The present study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of aerobic exercise with vitamin D supplementation on the bone resorption markers in the rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 60 adult male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 10 groups of six, including H2O2 (1 mmol/kg), H2O2 (2 mmol/kg), H2O2 (1 mmol/kg) with vitamin D, H2O2 (1 mmol/kg) with endurance training, H2O2 (1 mmol/kg) with vitamin D and endurance training, H2O2 (2 mmol/kg) with vitamin D, H2O2 (2 mmol/kg) with endurance training, H2O2 (2 mmol/kg) with vitamin D and endurance training, sham (dimethyl-sulfoxide with normal saline), and control. The intervention was performed for eight weeks, and the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP/5B) and N-telopeptides (NTx) were measured using the ELISA assay. Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: In the animals administered with 1 and 2 mmol/kg of H2O2, no significant effects were observed on the levels of NTx (P=0.76 and P=0.47, respectively) and TRACP/5B (P=0.48). On the other hand, endurance training increased the NTx levels in the rats exposed to 2 mmol/kg of H2O2 (P=0.04), while vitamin D had no significant effects on the levels of NTx (P=0.32) and TRACP/5B (P=0.92). In addition, endurance training with vitamin D supplementation had no interactive effects on increased NTx and TRACP/5B in the rats exposed to 1 mmol/kg (P=0.67 and P=0.99, respectively) and 2 mmol/kg of H2O2 (P=0.16 and P=0.47, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results, endurance training could significantly increase the NTx level in the rats exposed to the oxidative damage induced by 2 mg/kg of H2O2.