Title of article :
Emerging Epidemics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran: Operational Aspects, Management and Implemented Control Approaches
Author/Authors :
aflatoonian, mohammad reza Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , sharifi, iraj Leishmaniasis Research Center - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , babaei, zahra Leishmaniasis Research Center - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , sharifi, fatemeh Pharmaceutics Research Center - Institute of Neuropharmacology - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , keyhani, alireza Leishmaniasis Research Center - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , salarkia, ehsan Leishmaniasis Research Center - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , khosravi, ahmad Leishmaniasis Research Center - Kerman University of Medical Sciences , khamesipour, ali Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , mohebali, mehdi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology - School of Public Health - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , nadim, abolhassan Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology - School of Public Health - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , bamorovat, mehdi Leishmaniasis Research Center - Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran could be considered as an emerging disease that is rapidly increasing and expanding its traditional geographical range to new foci. Sixteen registered emerging epidemics have occurred since 1998 in different provinces. Various risk factors, including agricultural development, earthquake, movement to endemic areas, construction of buildings near colonies of rodents, sleeping outside, cross-border movements, and poor sanitation, play crucial roles in the expansion of the disease. The mentioned risk factors can lead to the gradual or sudden emergence of new CL epidemics, and long-lasting endemic foci can also erupt into epidemics. This paper reviews the emerging epidemics published between 1998 and 2019 in Iran with particular emphasis on the operational aspects of control and related risk factors caused by anthroponotic CL (ACL) and zoonotic CL (ZCL). The competent surveillance system should be extended to all high-risk areas to facilitate controlling the emerging epidemics of ACL and ZCL in the affected areas.
Keywords :
cutaneous leishmaniasis , emerging epidemics , risk factors , management and control , iran
Journal title :
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
