Role of interleukin-18 and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in predicting requirement of kidney replacement therapy and/or mortality in individuals with acute heart disorders

Introduction: Although many predictive tools have already been developed, efforts are still proceeding to identify a reliable biomarker to predict the prognosis of the patients with acute heart disorders. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the role of renal injury biomarkers (serum cystatin C, serum and urine interleukin-18, IL-18) and heart failure biomarkers (plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP) in the prediction of the postdischarge requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and/or 6-month mortality in patients with acute heart disorders. Patients and Methods: In patients diagnosed with acute heart disorders (acute heart failure [AHF] and/or acute coronary syndrome [ACS]) and admitted to the intensive care units, baseline clinical parameters, renal and cardiac biomarkers were determined. Patients were followed up for 6 months. The composite outcome was the postdischarge requirement of RRT and/or 6-month mortality. Results: Of 120 patients, 5.8% continued RRT after discharge. The 6-month mortality was 20%. Cox logistic regression analysis showed that urine IL-18 (P = 0.021), plasma BNP (P = 0.046), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (P = 0.002), and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.045) were independent predictors of the postdischarge requirement of RRT and/or 6-month mortality. For predicting RRT and/or 6-month mortality, using urine IL-18 cutoff value of 29.1 pg/mL showed 66.7% sensitivity and 67.7% specificity (area under the curve, AUC 0.70, P = 0.003), while using plasma BNP cutoff value of 881.6 pg/mL showed 66.7% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity (AUC 0.76, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Urine IL-18 and plasma BNP are independently predictive for the postdischarge requirement of RRT and/or 6-month mortality in patients with acute heart disorders.