Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Derived from Shrimp for Bone Scaffold on Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: Chitosan as an organic constituent has widely been researched as biodegradable bone scaffold. However, some hesitation in some studies has intrigued to be observed. This study is aimed at observing the cytotoxicity of chitosan material with Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) obtained from human. Methods: The material was served in 2 varieties among other raw and scaffold chitosans to prepare the bone scaffold candidate. Cytotoxicity was tested in vitro, using MTT(3-(4.5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor) assay standard protocol with ASCs as the cultured cell. The chitosan material was obtained from shrimps and processed into granules as raw chitosan. The raw chitosan was then processed into bone scaffold using frozen dried method. ASCs was gotten from the human tissue of a patient in a hospital with several criteria and certain indications. It was then cultured and put into the microplate. Afterwards, both scaffold and raw chitosan were added with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium as the medium, and MTT solution as the reagent test. Both varieties of chitosan were later compared to the control cell which contained ASCs and the control medium which had blanks filled with cells. Results: The result indicated that scaffold chitosan comes with no toxic effect, unlike raw chitosan. Although the raw chitosan displayed remarkably higher levels of cytotoxicity (P<0,01) than the control medium and control cell, the results also indicated that raw chitosan has a low-level cytotoxicity leading to the effect on ASCs and the cytotoxicity of chitosan depends on its properties. Conclusion: This study indicated that raw chitosan gives more citotoxicity on ASCs compared to scaffold chitosan which has no citotoxicity against stem cells derived from human tissue.