Author/Authors :
Marjani, Majid Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Moeinpour, Mahtab Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Moniri, Afshin Virology Research Center - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Khabiri, Shadi Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Hashemian, Mohammadreza Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Tabarsi, Payam Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Velayati, Ali Akbar Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center - National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases - Masih Daneshvari Hospital - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract :
Background: Infection with Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) is a
growing problem in developing countries. Among HIV infected cases,
respiratory complications are common, dissimilar in different setting and their
diagnosis is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum
of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications among HIV infected
patients.
Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was done among 710 HIV
infected patients admitted in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, National Research
Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tehran, Iran from January 2003 to
March 2017. Demographic, clinical, radiologic and laboratory data of 836
episodes of pulmonary complications were reviewed and final diagnosis were
extracted.
Results: Mean of CD4 cell count was 90±131 x106 cells/L. Definite etiology was
found for 653 episodes (78.1%) of pulmonary complications. Infectious
respiratory diseases were clearly more common than non-infectious etiologies,
86.1 and 7.6%, respectively. Pulmonary tuberculosis, as the leading cause,
involved 542 cases (64.8%) and Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. jiroveci) was the second
infectious agent that was found in 111 cases (13.2%). Among non- infectious
causes, bronchiectasis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
exacerbation were on the top of the list, 21 of 64 (32.8%) and 18 0f 64 (28.1%),
respectively. Many patients had more than one etiology. P. jiroveci had the
highest tendency for dual infections (43 episodes).
Conclusion: Pulmonary complications, especially infections are common
among HIV cases in Iran, among them tuberculosis is the most common.
Respiratory problems may be the first presentation of HIV infection. Clinicians
should be aware about the risk of dual infections. Screening for HIV among all
tuberculosis cases and vice versa is recommend.
Keywords :
HIV , AIDS , Pulmonary , Tuberculosis , Respiratory complications