Determination of Frequency of Bacterial Agent Causing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in the Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Tonkabon Shahid Rajaei Hospital by PCR Sequencing

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most prevalent hospitalized infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) causing increase of the therapeutic costs and mortality. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the bacterial agents causing VAP in the patients hospitalized in the ICU of Tonekabon Shahid Rajaei hospital. Methods: From April to March of 2015, out of 35 patients hospitalized in ICU of Tonekabon Shahid Rajaei hospital and infected with VAP, sampling was carried out from splint pipe, and the samples, following the transfer to the transport culture medium, were transferred to laboratoryand incubated in 37°C for 72 hours. In order to isolate the bacteria, the standard culture technique was used for assistance. After appearance of colony on the blood agar medium, DNA extraction was enforced by use of phenol-chloroform technique, and identification of the bacterium was accomplished using sequencing PCR technique. Results: A total of 35patients, 16 patients (45.7%) are women and 19 patients (54.3%) are men, and age range of the patients is from 15 to 88 years. totally, 53 bacteria were isolated out of which 28 bacteria (52.8%) were Gram-positive and 25 bacteria (47.2%) were Gramnegative. In the present study, the most prevalent identified bacterial agents included bacteria belonging to family of Enterobacteriaceae (35.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.7%), other species of Staphylococcus (14.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.3%), Acinetobacter bumani (9.4%) and Corynebacterium (7.5%). 7 individuals (20%) of the patients with pneumonia resulted from ventilator were died. Conclusions: The obtained findings showed that various factors play a role in the occurrence of VAP. Cause if difference in the outbreak of VAP in the ICU is due to difference in type of disease, accompaniment of the various susceptible-making factors in their background diseases. Therefore, observance of infection control standards to prevent form VAP is advised.