Prompt cytomolecular identification of chromosome aberration in irradiated blood cells

Background: Understanding the genomic alteration induced by ionizing radiation still remains as a methodological challenge in the field of genetics. The energy released from this type of radiation can potentially cause structural and numerical alterations in lymphocytes, which in turn converts them into abnormal tumor cells. Chromosomal abnormalities associated with specific type of hematological malignancies are determinant factors in the evaluation of radiation dose and its potential in harming the body. Nonetheless, early detection of chromosomal aberration (CA) is crucial in the prognosis and selection of a therapy for the people exposed to irradiations. The aim of this study was to explore a swift and accurate genetic test that identifies CAs in radiologists exposed to X-rays. In addition, synergistic effect of other clastogens in irradiated workers was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four heparinized blood samples were obtained from radiology workers exposed to X-rays. Blood samples were cultured in RPMI 1640 and F-10 Medias with and without PHA stimulation. Lymphocytes were harvested, separated and arrested at metaphase and their chromosomes were analyzed by solid and G-Banding techniques. Lymphocytic CA was also analyzed through whole chromosome painting using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: Of the 37 blood samples from workers, 60% had various structural aberrations in which both the frequency and type of CAs were intensified among tobacco smokers. Conclusion: The results did not show any significant differences between the genders but other carcinogens like smoking can significantly increase the rate of CAs.