Emergence of a New Genotype of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran

Background and Aims: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. It has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. CCHF viruses have a tripartite RNA genome consisting of large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic relationship of CCHF viruses in tick population of West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, RT-PCR method was used for detection of the CCHFV genome based on S segment. The phylogenetic relationship among the Iranian CCHF virus and also between these variants and those from other regions of the world was identified. Results: Two genotypes of CCHF virus were in circulation in Iran (Asia1 Europe 1). We were the first to demonstrate the presence of Europe 1 genotype of CCHF virus in Iran. Conclusion: Further epidemiologic studies including, CCHFV complete genome analysis and implementation of improved surveillance are urgently needed to better predict and respond to CCHF outbreaks in Iran and Middle East region.