Evaluation of Phytochemical, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid content, Antioxidant Activities, and Repelling Property of Sambucus ebulus

The therapeutic and anti-infectious effects of Sambucus ebulus L. have been well documented in the traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the domestic herbal plant with insect repellent property. Leaf and fruit of Sambucus ebulus L. was collected from Kordkail Kola Sofla rural district and dried. To assess the repellent property, the concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 250 mg/kg) were prepared. Then 0.4 mL of each concentration was applied on an area of 4 × 6 cm on the shaved Albino (Indian pig) skin and exposed to the mosquito bite. After 30 minutes, the number of adult mosquito bites (three replications) was recorded and analyzed by ANOVA test at a probable level of 5%.The highest phenolic content in the leaf and fruit methanol extract was 155.925 mg/g and of 92.777 mg/g, respectively. Based on IC50, the highest level of antioxidant activity in the leaf and fruit methanol extract were 60.09μg/mL and 417.846μg/mL, respectively. The highest repelling property was correlated with the concentration of 250mg/kg of Sambucus ebulus. The repelling effects were 73.4% for the leaf and 78% for fruit extracts. Leaf and fruit extracts of Sambucus ebulus contained phenolic and flavonoid with strong antioxidant effects. The fruit hexane and methanol extracts were better repellent than the leaves, and the methanol extracts effect of these organs was greater.