Synthesis of Polylactic Acid Nanoparticles for the Novel Biomedical Applications: A Scientific Perspective

Nanotechnology is an extended investigation field, based on the materials including a size ranging 1-1000 nm. Numerous polymers are used for the production of nanoparticles. Polylactic acid (PLA), its streoisomers, such as PLLA and PLDA, and  its famous copolymer polylacticcoglycolic (PLGA) are among the biocompatible synthetic polymers widely used to produce nanoparticles. These chmeicals are of particular impotance, beacuse they are biocompatible and biodegradable, despite their synthetic nature. A biodegradable polymer is a polymer which is submitted to the degrading procedures invivo. The polymeric nanoparticles commonly propose an extended surface area, high drug loading capability, feasibility of functionalization with ligands, controlled drug releasing capacity, minimal toxicity, biocompatibility, storage stability, and flexibility in the management methods. Furthermore, these nanostructure materials signify unique groundbreaking noninvasive methods for delivery structures in biomedical fields such as wound dressing materials, tissue scaffolds, genedelivery materials, and drug delivery systems for cancer chemo-therapy. This reviwe focuses on the synthesis methods of polylactic acid and its copolymeric nanoparticles for novel bioclinical appliacations. The manufacturing parameters will be exhibited to offer a comprehensive view of this object. Also, the biomedical applications of the nanoparticles will be displayed briefly.