Association between dietary patterns with kidney function and serum highly sensitive C‑reactive protein in Tehranian elderly: An observational study

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that diet is associated with kidney function. This study was carried out to examine the association between a posteriori dietary patterns and kidney function in older adults. Materials and Methods: In a cross‑sectional study, 266 older adults, aged 60–83 years, were included. Anthropometric measures were recorded. Biochemical measurements of blood and urine samples were measured. Information on diet was collected using a validated semi‑quantified food frequency questionnaire with 168 food items and factor analysis performed to derive major dietary patterns. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Results: A total of 266 participants with mean body mass index (BMI) 29.75 ± 4.53 kg/m2 and age, 66.2 ± 5.3 years, were included in the current study. Three major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on intake data (28% of the total variance of food intake in the population). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and energy intake, we found a positive significant relationship between the first pattern and eGFR (P = 0.031). A positive significant association between adherence to the traditional dietary pattern and urine creatinine was also observed (P = 0.035). In addition, in logistic regression model and after control for covariates, a positive association was observed between adherence to traditional dietary pattern with odds of eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.043) and urinary albumin‑to‑creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g (P = 0.038). Conclusion: It is concluded that higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern may improve renal function while Iranian traditional pattern was associated with significantly increased odds of incident CKD and albuminuria.