Role of Free Radical-induced Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease

Oxidative stress is associated with various pathophysiological events such as cancer, kidney diseases, and diabetes. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play a key role in the development of vasculopathies and can cause disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary stenosis. Atherosclerosis, due to endothelial cell damage, results in at least impaired endothelial function and consequently macrophage infiltration and impaired smooth muscle function. Since then, many researchers have focused on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and its interaction with the endothelium as the primary injury that leads to the formation of fatty streaks and eventually to atherogenesis. It has now become clear that different types of ROS are not only produced in the vessel wall but also contribute to the pathogenesis of a range of cardiovascular disorders individually and collectively.