Dynamic modeling of modular fuel cell for maximum power point tracking and torque ripple reduction in direct torque control of induction motor

This paper presents a comprehensive dynamic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (FC) based on the electrical empirical model. The presented model is useful for online control as well as having suitable accuracy. FC stacks produce a DC voltage with a ratio of 2:1 in output from no-load to full-load. In vehicles that are equipped with FCs, the output voltage of the FC is drastically changed because the power and torque of the vehicle change with the driving cycle. In order to improve the performance of the direct torque control of induction motors, the modular structure of a FC is proposed. This proposed structure guarantees the maximum power point tracking and torque ripple reduction. The validity of the proposed structure is satisfied by simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink software.