Induction of Embryogenic Tissue from Immature Zygotic Embryos in Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loudon) Businsky

Embryogenic cultures (EC) of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loudon) Businsky) were initiated from immature pre-cotyledonary zygotic embryos sampled weekly from 16 different trees in 2 consecutive years. Douglas-fir cotyledon revised (DCR) medium supplemented with 13.6 ىM of 2,4-D and 2.2 ىM of BAP was used for initiation and maintenance of EC. Overall initiation frequencies of EC in the study were 0.92% in 2004 and 1.96% in 2005; tree values ranged from 0.0% to 7.32%. Overall, 0.38% and 0.62% of the initial explants were converted into established cell lines in 2004 and 2005, respectively.