SPECIAL TILLAGE MACHINERY FOR SOILS WITH INCREASED CLAYEY TYPE MECHANICAL COMPOSITION -MARSH SOIL CASE

Today in Serbia there are over 0.40 million hectares of soil with increased of clayey mechanical type composition and over one million ha of diversely damaged soil. These kinds of soils are possibly fertile by their characteristics, they have good chemical properties and very bad physical and mechanical properties and they present a specific problem during exploitation. Soils with clayey mechanical composition require a special tillage system which guarantees preservation of natural potentials and fertile resources, and prevents degradation processes of the soil, exceptionally with an optimal consumption of energy and labor. Agricultural machinery for tillage of the soils with clay mechanical composition should fulfill the basic demands: arrangement of the soil’s surface and depth, preservation of the soil’s biological system, regulation of the water and air system, thus enabling an efficient irrigation, conservation of the natural humidity, insurance of a rational energy, labor and resource consumption for the defined structure and production level. To ensure a quality and steady returns of plants, it is necessary to ensure an optimal air and water system for the soil. That means the soil’s surface and depth has to be arranged, thereby creating conditions for the conservation and rational usage of the natural humidity from the cultivated layers and from the deeper layers of the soil. The goal of the researches conducted by the Institute for Agricultural Engineering of the Agricultural Faculty of Belgrade, R. Serbia, was to define the needed parameters for the construction of machines for tillage of soils with clayey type of mechanical composition and, develop new solutions for tillage of composed soil with clay mechanical type of composition. The research includes the development and verification of the effects that the new machines have on physical and water properties of the heavily composed soils, the consumption of energy and resources, the amount of returns and the development of new technologies of tillage. The primary goal of applying the new machinery is to verify the important parameters for the construction of the machines, defying of the parameters with positive effects on the soil with a clear goal of perfecting the technologies for the exploitation of potential fertility of the soil, under the conditions of irrigation for two harvests.