Case Report: G-CSF Induced Posterior Reversible Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome and SLE Flare Up

Background: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein which stimulates the survival, proliferation, differentiation and function of neutrophil, granulocyte progenitor cells and mature neutrophils. G-CSFs have been used to improve granulocyte count in neutropenic patients, reduce the incidence and duration of neutropenia in SLE patient. In general, side-effects are mild to moderate and life threatening side-effects like severe SLE flare up and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome are very rare. Case Report: We report a case of SLE patient who developed severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flare up and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) secondary to G-CSF. This case emphasizes the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of SLE.