The Possible Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Apocynin on the Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Albino Rats

Background: Rhabdomyolysis-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), develops following skeletal muscle trauma, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of AKI in rhabdomyolysis is likely complex andAim: This study aimed to investigate the protective and the therapeutic effect of apocynin on rhabdomyolysis-inducedMethods: Rats were divided as following: Group 1 serves as the control, Group 2 was given 50% glycerol, Group 3 was given glycerol after 7 days pretreatment with apocynin, and group 4 was given a single dose of apocynin one hour after glycerol injection. Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatinine (Cr) and urea. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), 8-Hydroxydeoxy Guanosine (8-OH-dG), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NADPH oxidase activity were monitored in renal tissue.Results: Glycerol administration resulted in significant increase of serum CK, LDH, Cr and urea, renal ROS, 8-OH-dG, TNF-α, MPO and NADPH oxidase activity and significantly decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities. Administration of apocynin, both before and after glycerol injection, significantly decreased serum CK, LDH, Cr and urea, renal ROS, 8-OH-dG, TNF-α, MPO and NADPH oxidase activity and significantly increased SOD and GSH-Px activities.Conclusion: We conclude that administration of apocynin, both before and after glycerol injection, ameliorated renal dysfunction in rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response.