Role of Amlodipine in Alleviating Changes Induced by Mobile Phone Base Station in Frontal Lobe Cerebral Cortex of Adult Rats Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study

Introduction: The possible risk of exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted from mobile base station is still an open question. Objective: Detection of the possible protective role of Amlodipine in histological changes induced by chronic exposure of adult rats on the frontal lobe cortex to EMF. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into control (I) and experimental (II) groups. Experimental subgroups (II-a II-b) were exposed to EMF emitted from mobile phone base station at intensity 81 mG for eight weeks. Subgroup II-b was treated with amlodipine in addition to irradiation. Sections from frontal lobe of cerebral cortex were stained with H E, silver, toluidine blue and immunohistochemically for Glial Fibrial Acid Protein (GFAP) and Bax. Oxidative biomarkers, antioxidant and calcium level were measured. Results: In subgroup (II-a), rats showed disturbed equilibrium and aggressiveness. Pyramidal cells of frontal lobe were closely packed and surrounded with empty halos. They had irregular outlines with darkly stained eccentric nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm and Nissle’s granules. GFAP and BAX immunoexpression were strong positive. Mean number of apoptotic pyramidal cells, asrocytic count, optical density of GFAP and BAX reactions, apoptotic index were significantly high. Oxidative stress biomarker were elevated while brain antioxidant was reduced. On the other hand, Amlodipine treated subgroup showed improvement for both EMF induced histological changes as well as oxidative stress biomarker level. Conclusion: Amlodipine suppresses the EMF induced histological changes in the frontal lobe cortex, therefore, it may protect people living near mobile phone base station from its hazards.