Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) as a potential cell therapy for immune related disease

Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) is a type of stem cell that not only has the ability to differentiate into several different lineages, but also has an immunomodulator activity. MSC modulte immune system by secreting several different cytokines those act synergistically like IL6, IL-10, TGFβ, PGE2, and HLA-G which inhibit T-cell differentiation and maturation of macrophage. Because of its immunomodulatory properties, several researches had attempted to study its potential application in autoimmune management. So far, preclinical and clinical study in Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) and several autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and diabetes had yield promising results. However, the efficacy of its application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is still unclear. Overall, MSC has shown great promise as novel modality in autoimmune management. However, further studies are still needed to evaluate its application in each autoimmune disease as well as determining the effective dose of MSC for each type of autoimmune disease.