Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Nuclear Factor of kappa B (NF-kB) p65 and calcineurin expression play a role in the regulation of muscle regeneration process through aerobic exercise in HIV patients

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection is a chronic disease with inflammatory conditions and experience progressive muscle wasting with increasing of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy which stimulates the muscle regeneration. Moderate intensity of aerobic exercise is safe for human immunodeficiency virus patients. Whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays a role in the process of muscle regeneration in human immunodeficiency virus infection who have had tumor necrosis factor alpha level higher. Objective: To explain the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha, NF-kappaB, and Calcineurin expression in the regulation of muscle regeneration process. Methods: Research subjects are population with clinical stage II human immunodeficiency virus infection. Subjects were grouped into two: I (n = 9) as subjects who got aerobic exercise for 8 weeks and C (n = 9) as subjects who were observed for 8 weeks. Muscle samples were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle biopsies that were performed 24 hours after the last physical exercise. And the immunohistochemical examination was done with anti- tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, anti- NF-kappaB, and anti-calcineurin. Results: The relationship of muscle contraction to Tumor necrosis factor alpha and calcineurin expression, and to the other myogenic factors was significant, but not to NF-kappaB p65 expression. Conclusion: Muscle regeneration process needs TNF-alpha and NF-kB p65 expression as regulators with TNF-alpha, NF-kB p65, myogenic factors as the path of exercise and calcineurin expression as a regulator with calcineurin myogenic factors as the path of exercise.